Internet Society Pulse Country Reports

The Internet Society Pulse Country Reports consolidate and provide context surrounding the data that we collect via the four different Pulse research tracks — shutdowns, enabling technologies, concentration and resilience — for each country. The reports consolidate and illustrate data that Pulse collates from our data partners. Note that the geographic boundaries and country names shown do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Internet Society concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities. Regions and Sub-Regions are taken from the UN Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (Series M, No. 49).

The reports are divided into three sections as follows:

• Open Internet Environment - includes metrics for Internet Use, Internet Freedom, Internet Resilience, Transit Provider Diversity, Retail ISP Diversity, IXP Operator Market, Internet Shutdowns, and Popular Content Locality
• Globally Connected Infrastructure - includes metrics for Networks Assigned, IPv6 Addresses Assigned, IPv6 Adoption, Internet Exchange Points, IPv4 Addresses Assigned, and Peering Networks
• Secure and Trustworthy Internet - includes metrics for Naming Security Status, Naming Security Coverage, Naming Security Adoption, Routing Security Adoption, Routing Security Coverage for IPv4, and Routing Security Coverage for IPv6

We provide further details of all metrics and their data sources below. Where we do not have data for a given metric for a particular country, that measurement will not be displayed as part of the country report.

Internet Use

• Metric: Number of individuals using the Internet as a percentage of the population.
• Source: World Bank

Internet Freedom

• Metric: Freedom on the Net measures Internet freedom in 70 countries and grades the resulting scores into Not Free, Partly Free of Free.
• Source: Freedom House

Internet Resilience

• Metric: The Internet Society tracks resiliency metrics using the Internet Resilience Index to help support the development of policies and infrastructure to improve Internet resilience at the local, regional and global level.
• Source: Internet Society Pulse

Transit Provider Diversity

• Metric: A ranking out of 5 based on the percentage of the country's networks that are reached via the largest transit network for that country.
• Source: IIJ Internet Health Report

Retail ISP Diversity

• Metric: A ranking out of 5 based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for the marketshares of the retail ISPs for the given country. 3 or more stars implies an HHI below 2,500. The HHI is a commonly accepted measure of market concentration and is calculated by squaring the market share of each firm competing in a market, and then summing the resulting numbers. HHI values are in the range 0 to 10,000. HHI values over 2,500 indicate highly concentrated markets.
• Source: IIJ Internet Health Report

IXP Operator Market

• Metric: We calculate marketshare of IXPs based on the total bandwidth of network connections present at the IXP as a percentage of the total bandwidth of network connections available at all IXPs in the country.
• Source: PeeringDB

Internet Shutdowns

• Metric: The Internet Society monitors instances of Internet shutdowns and records details of these events on our shutdowns tracker. For countries that are currently experiencing a shutdown according to our monitoring, or have experienced a shutdown in the past 12 months, this will be indicated in the country report for that country.
• Source: Internet Society Pulse

Popular Content Locality

• Metric: A measure of how much locally popular web content is hosted in-country or in-region. Using lists of popular websites from Google CRuX we identify relevant Content Delivery Networks and measure how much locally popular web content is hosted in-country, in-region or externally to the country in question.
• Source: Google Chrome User Experience, FindCDN, IPinfo, MaxMind

Networks Assigned

• Metric: An indication of the number of distinct Internet networks assigned to the country, over time.
• Source: Number Resource Organisation (NRO)

IPv6 Addresses Assigned

• Metric: An indication of the number of IPv6 addresses (/48 blocks) assigned to the country, over time.
• Source: Number Resource Organisation (NRO)

IPv6 Adoption

• Metric: A combined measure of the percentage of connections to major Internet content providers that are using IPv6.
• Source: Akamai, APNIC, Facebook, Google

Internet Exchange Points

• Metric: The number of Internet Exchange Points in the country.
• Source: PeeringDB

IPv4 Addresses Assigned

• Metric: An indication of the number of IPv4 addresses assigned to the country, over time.
• Source: Number Resource Organisation (NRO)

Peering Networks

• Metric: The number of networks peering at IXPs in the country.
• Source: PeeringDB

Naming Security Status

• Metric: An indicator showing whether the country code top-level domain for the country is signed with DNSSEC.
• Source: DNS

Naming Security Coverage

• Metric: The percentage of domains registered in the ccTLD for the country that are signed with DNSSEC.
• Source: DNSSEC-Tools

Naming Security Adoption

• Metric: A measure of the extent to which ISPs in the country are validating DNSSEC signed responses for their subscribers.
• Source: APNIC Labs

Routing Security Adoption

• Metric: A measure of the adoption of RPKI Validation by Internet networks in the country.
• Source: APNIC Labs

Routing Security Coverage for IPv4

• Metric: A measure of the publication rate for IPv4 route object attestations. Publishing ROAs is a pre-requisite for RPKI adoption.
• Source: APNIC Labs

Routing Security Coverage for IPv6

• Metric: A measure of the publication rate for IPv6 route object attestations. Publishing ROAs is a pre-requisite for RPKI adoption.
• Source: APNIC Labs