Internet Resilience Index
For people to experience the full benefits of access, the Internet itself needs to be able to adapt to challenges. The Pulse Internet Resilience Index (IRI) tracks a range of indicators and assigns a weighted score for each country, measured out of 100. It’s a holistic score that measures how well an Internet connection can withstand things like sudden changes in Internet traffic, suspicious activity, or unexpected outages.
We've made some significant changes to how we calculate the IRI. See our release note [12 November 2025] for details.
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Infrastructure
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Physical infrastructure for Internet connectivity exists, and is available.
45 / 100global average -
Market Readiness
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The ability of the market to offer affordable prices to consumers by maintaining diversity and competition.
51 / 100global average -
Performance
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Consumers have seamless and reliable Internet services.
60 / 100global average -
Security
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Technologies and best practices support a network’s ability to resist disruptions.
60 / 100global average
Internet Resilience Score
- Europe
- 69 / 100
- Infrastructure 72
- Market Readiness 68
- Performance 69
- Security 68
- Southern Europe
- 62 / 100
- Infrastructure 57
- Market Readiness 60
- Performance 69
- Security 63
North Macedonia
57 / 100
The Internet in North Macedonia is less resilient on average than other countries in Southern Europe, and is low for Europe. It ranks 5th in Southern Europe for performance, a category that evaluates how well the network provides seamless and reliable Internet services to consumers. It ranks 41st in Europe for security, a category that evaluates the use of technologies and best practices that support a network’s ability to resist disruptions.
View country report for North Macedonia
- Infrastructure 60
- Market Readiness 55
- Performance 70
- Security 44
Infrastructure
60
Physical infrastructure for Internet connectivity exists, and is available.
Enabling infrastructure 42
Data center coverage 63
Score measured based on data centers per 10 million population. Source: Data Center Map
Internet Exchange Point (IXP) coverage 20
Shows how well large population centers (defined as more than 300,000 people) are served by IXPs. Sources: Packet Clearing House (PCH), Peering DB
Mobile connectivity 78
Network coverage 97
Country has mobile network coverage (includes 2G, 3G, and 4G). Source: Composite score provided by GSMA
Spectrum allocation 32
Mobile operators have access to spectrum that allows them to offer sufficient services to customers.
Market readiness
55
The ability of the market to offer affordable prices to consumers by maintaining diversity and competition.
Market structure 77
Affordability 85
Measures the affordability of Internet connectivity for consumers. Source: ITU, A4AI
Upstream provider diversity 86
Uses the GINI Coefficient to measure the level of inequality when it comes to dependency on upstream connections. Source: Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ)
Market competition 65
Calculates the level of competition in the market. This uses the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). Source: APNIC
Traffic localization 33
Domain count 27
Domains registered using ccTLD. Source: DomainTools
E-Government Development Index Score 69
Score on the United Nations E-Government Development Index (EGDI), which measures readiness for providing digital public services. Source: United Nations
Peering efficiency 11
RScore that uses the ratio of networks that peer at Internet Exchange Points (IXPs), compared with the total number of networks in a country. Sources: Packet Clearing House (PCH), PeeringDB
Performance
70
How well the network provides seamless and reliable Internet services to consumers.
Fixed networks 67
Download speeds 66
Download speeds, measured by Ookla speed tests. Source: Ookla
Consistency 66
This measures the network jitter, which shows consistency of speed and performance across networks. Source: Ookla
Responsiveness 79
Measures how quickly content reaches a user. A connection that's responsive is low in latency or lag. Source: Ookla
Upload speeds 60
Upload speeds, measured by Ookla speed tests. Source: Ookla
Mobile networks 72
Download speeds 76
Download speeds, measured by Ookla speed tests. Source: Ookla
Consistency 68
This measures the network jitter, which shows consistency of speed and performance across networks. Source: Ookla
Responsiveness 64
Measures how quickly content reaches a user. A connection that's responsive is low in latency or lag. Source: Ookla
Upload speeds 77
Upload speeds, measured by Ookla speed tests. Source: Ookla
Security
44
Technologies and best practices support a network’s ability to resist disruptions.
Domain name system (DNS) security 8
DNSSEC adoption 0
Shows whether the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) using the extra layer of security known as DNSSEC. Source: ICANN
DNSSEC validation 17
A score showing how well DNS queries are protected by DNSSEC, across all web traffic. Source: APNIC
Enabling technologies 62
HTTPS adoption 89
Web pageloads that use HTTPS. Source: Mozilla
IPv6 adoption 0
Users can access online resources using IPv6, the new generation of the Internet Protocol. Sources: Akamai, Facebook, Google, APNIC
Routing hygiene 50
MANRS score 48
An overall score that measures routing security in a country's networks. Source: MANRS Observatory
Upstream connections 52
Shows how well a country's networks are connected with upstream providers. Source: CAIDA
Security threat 70
DDoS protection 91
Level of protection across networks, preventing DDoS attacks against another country's networks. Source: Cybergreen
Global Cybersecurity Index Score 65
Estimates the ability of a country or economy to prevent and manage cyber incidents. Source: ITU
Secure Internet servers 56
Number of secure Internet servers per 1 million population. Source: World Bank
About the Internet Resilience Index
The Pulse Internet Resilience Index (IRI) draws from a range of data sources, to track some of the key building blocks that underpin the Internet. The IRI enables comparison between countries, regions, and sub-regions, with a balanced set of metrics that accounts for the Internet’s complex ecosystem and varied landscape.
Each country is assigned an Internet Resilience Score, calculated out of 100. It reflects four broad pillars, each representing a range of different components that contribute to the overall resilience of the Internet. Scores are weighted, so a drop or a rise in one indicator can mean an improvement in this country, or that others are over- or under-performing in that area.
Learn more about how we choose indicators and data sources, and about our weighting scheme and aggregation method in the IRI methodology.
Our definition of Internet resilience
A resilient Internet connection is one that can maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of faults and challenges to normal operation. These challenges may include sudden changes in Internet traffic, suspicious activity, unexpected outages, and more.
Origins of the IRI
The Internet Resilience Index developed out of the Measuring Internet Resilience in Africa (MIRA) project. It uses best practices according to the EU-JRC and the OECD Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators and the same methodology as currently existing indices such as the GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index, the Facebook/EIU Inclusive Internet Index and the Web Foundation Web Index.
API Access
You can access the data underpinning the Internet Resilience Index via our API.